MEMORY AND PRIDE …

Project “The most important battles of Polish arms”

Bitwa pod Grunwaldem - ikona

Battle of Grunwald

One of the greatest battles in the history of medieval Europe.

Bitwa o Narwik - ikona

Battle of Narvik

 An unused Alliance victory over Germany.

The most important battles of the Polish Arms

There are many significant episodes in the history of Poland, with effects often influenced not only our country history. Warriors, knights and soldiers under white and red national banners fought bloody battles on most of the fronts worldwide, trying to ensure that the sum of the fame of their deeds would shape the universal, positive and heroic perception of their homeland. It was like that since the dawn of history – the struggle for the shape of the state in the early times of the Piast dynasty. These traditions were continued by the descendants of Mieszko’s and Bolesław’s warriors in subsequent periods, often surprising both enemies and allies of Poland.
“The most important battles of the Polish Arms” Project is intended to present selected episodes of Polish military history. According to them, we look closely at not only the course of the battles, their genesis and consequences, but also the characters significantly influencing the military confrontations. In this way, the second largest institution in Poland cultivating the memory of a native soldier, the Museum of Polish Arms in Kołobrzeg, is writing a historical and military compendium, matching the requirements of the 21st century pattern.

Przedstawiamy

Battles

Bitwa pod Grunwaldem - pomnik

Part I

Why the Tannenberg battle?

The first military episode to which we devote more attention is the battle of Grunwald on July 15, 1410. In this confrontation, which was one of the largest in the history of medieval Europe, the joint Polish-Lithuanian forces with their allies and the army of the Teutonic Order, included representatives of many nations, faced each other. For the shoe, expressed in an eloquent offering of the legendary pair of naked swords, the enemy paid with a total defeat. The results spread around the entire continent. Although the Grunwald victory was not finally properly utilized, and the complete collapse of the Teutonic State had to wait over a hundred years, it is one of the most recognizable battles in the history of Poland.

Part II

Why the Narvik battle?

As far as stereotypes are concerned, the Polish and Norwegian nations have many historical connections. In mutual relations, however, it is difficult to look for a more meaningful cooperation, like the fights for Narvik – one of the most important ports in Scandinavia – in the spring of 1940. On the 80th anniversary of those events, we proudly remind you of the participation of our ancestors in this battle – soldiers of the Polish Independent Highland Brigade and the crews of the Polish Navy ships. We would also like to remind that despite the Norwegian campaign ended with the victory of the Third Reich, the recapture of Narvik at the end of May 1940 was the first victory of the Allies in World War II. The soldiers of the Polish Army made a significant contribution to them, which should be widely remembered.

Bitwa o Narwik - pomnik marynarzy ORP Grom

 

Reconstructions of the most important battles of the Polish army

Battle of Gniew 1626

 

This fight is often called “the battle of the two Vasas”. Between September 22 and October 1, 1626, on the outskirts of Gniew, the Polish army under the command of King Sigismund III Vasa confronted the Swedish forces led by King Gustav Adolf, representing the same dynasty.

Although the battle is considered pending, the Polish resistance and later deployment near Tczew prevented the Swedes from striking further in Pomerania and the likely capture of Gdańsk. On the other hand, the castle of Gniew remained in the hands of the enemy and the Swedish army did not lose combat efficiency. 

 

 

Battle of Gniew 1626

 

The battle is the starting point for the reenactment events that have been organized for many years, set in the realities of the mid-European 17th century. They are accompanied by historical and cultural shows. An interesting fact is that the historical reenactors encounter in the location where the Polish-Swedish struggle really took place.

 

Battle of the Bzura 1939

 

The Polish-German military encounter on the Bzura River between 9 and 22 September 1939 were the largest battle with Wehrmacht during the Polish defensive war, as well as the first, great battle of World War II. The actions carried out by the “Poznań” Army and the “Pomorze” Army have shown that despite the numerical and technological advantage of the enemy, the Polish soldiers are capable of conducting offensive operations mainly towards Stryków and Łowicz. The involving of the German 8th and 10th Armies in combat also allowed for a longer defense of the besieged Warsaw.

Battle of the Bzura 1939

 

Part of the units that retreated from the Bzura River front also managed to break through towards the Polish capital and the Modlin Fortress. It is worth noting that the battle was the only major offensive operation against the Third Reich Armed Forces in 1939-1941 period. Nowadays it is a popular theme of historical reenactment events in Poland.

Battle of Cedynia 972

The Battle of Cedynia waged by the army of Prince Mieszko I is considered the first official military encounter in the history of the Polish Arms. The warriors, commanded by the Duke of Polans and his brother Czcibor, defeated the troops of German magnates, assaulting Pomerania under the command of the margrave of Łużyce, Hodon and Zygfryd von Walbeck.

Battle of Cedynia 972

Although the dispute over the exact place of the Polish-German confrontation continues to this day, there is no doubt that it was of key importance for the temporary dismissal of the military threat from the west and the final tribute to the lands on the Baltic coast. Since 1945, the Battle of Cedynia has been an important element of the narrative of Poland’s connection with the so-called Regained Territories. Historical festivals organized for several years as part of the Days of Cedynia also refer strictly to that clash.

Battle of Kołobrzeg 1945

 

The battle for Kołobrzeg, between 4 and 18 March 1945, was the largest battle waged by the Polish Army in the USSR during World War II. In the area of the city transformed into a German fortress, fierce street battles were fought, in which over 1.2 thousand Polish soldiers were killed in action. Although the main effort of capturing Festung Kolberg rested on the shoulders of the infantrymen, during the battle artillery was used, including large-caliber, naval one belonged to Kriegsmarine, as well as rocket launchers and aviation.

Battle of Kołobrzeg 1945

 

The encounter ended with the 1st and 2nd Polish Armies wedding to the Baltic ceremonies, which symbolically marked the beginning of the presence of Polish Nation in the broad basin of the Baltic coast. It also became the founding myth of the Polish Kołobrzeg. Since 2009, the battle has been a major theme of the historical reenactment events organized by the Museum of Polish Arms.

Battle of Arnhem/Driel 1944

The Market-Garden Operation carried out in September 1944 in the Netherlands was an attempt of victory of the anti-Nazi coalition forces over the Third Reich before the following year. The combined actions of the Anglo-American airborne forces and the British XXX Corps were intended to capture the Rhine crossings, which would allow the Allies to organize a major offensive deep into Germany. Ultimately, the whole action turned out to be a failure.

Battle of Arnhem/Driel 1944

The soldiers of the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade, commanded by General Stanisław Sosabowski, played an important role in the crucial battle fought in Arnhem and the surrounding area. The fights for this Dutch city, as well as in the area of the Polish zone near Driel, became the leitmotif of a large historical reenactment spectacle in Gryfino, organized in 2018 under the supervision of the Museum of Polish Arms.

Battle of Warsaw 1920

 

The victory over the Russian Army, often referred to as the Bolshevik Army in the Warsaw area, in August 1920 was a key military episode for the Polish fight for independence after the 123-year-old occupation of the Polish State. It was also a vital military confrontation of the campaign started after the Workers ‘and Peasants’ Red Army crossed the line of a post-Great War temporary Polish border carrying the revolution torch to the West.

Battle of Warsaw 1920

 

Despite the numerical superiority of the enemy, the Polish Army, led by Józef Piłsudski, with the great participation of the Chief of Staff, General Tadeusz Rozwadowski, managed to carry out a maneuver surprising for the Russians from the Wieprz River and thus force the enemy to retreat. Nowadays, the battle of Warsaw is a very popular motive of a number of events popularizing Polish military history, organized throughout the country.

 

Presentation of the project (in Polish)

Film

Before you delve into the content related to the two battles we have chosen, hear about the assumptions of the project and its implementation.

hours

pages

Instructors

Languages

People who create the Project

(Alphabetic order)

 

The research team of “The most important battles of the Polish Arms” Project consists of representatives of the Polish scientific community, historians, historical reenactors, journalists and specialists in other branches. The interdisciplinary nature of the group allows for a multi-threaded analysis of the topic of military operations involving Polish soldiers over the centuries. Each member brings to the team a unique range of knowledge and many years of experience, significantly complementing others.

Doctor of Philosophy with the military history specialization, museologist, journalist, regionalist and professional popularizer of history, author of several and co-author of over a dozen books and more than six hundred scientific and popular science articles. His research interests include, above all, the history of military in the 20th century, the history of Poland after 1945, the history of Germany, historical reenactment and experimental archeology. Organizer or co-organizer of nearly two hundred events popularizing the past events of Poland and Europe, creator or curator of several museum exhibitions.

Łukasz Gładysiak (born in 1983)

Doctor of Philosophy with the military history specialization

A graduate of the Poznan University of Physical Education with the specialization of tourism and recreation. During his research on the Greater Poland Uprising, he established extensive contacts with museums, and cooperation with them in the field of disseminating knowledge about past conflicts has been successfully continued to this day. For over fifteen years he has been associated with the Polish historical reenactment society. Participant and co-organizer of several dozen historical events. Promoter of the awareness of “Little Homelands” and the history of the Polish Armed Forces in the West. Passionate about military tourism in Poland and Europe.

Hubert Klorek (born in 1992)

A graduate of the Poznan University of Physical Education with the specialization of tourism and recreation

Military historian, for many years associated with the scientific and museum community of Wielkopolska. Author of articles, studies and museum exhibitions on the arms and uniforms of the Polish Army. Museum and film consultant. For twenty years associated with the Polish and European historical reenactment movement, which includes the creation of historical events and performances. His scientific and research interests focus on the history of the Polish Army, with particular emphasis on the 20th century, as well as on issues related to the psychology of the battlefield from the oldest to the present times.

Mikołaj Klorek (born in 1984)

Military historian

Graduate of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan (specialization: military history), passionate of military architecture, connected with on the project: “Enigma Cipher Container”. In history, he likes to discover, above all, little known facts from the history of the Poznań Fortress and Garrison. Recent years have focused on recreating the post-war fate of the local fortress. He shares his knowledge at conferences and lectures. His voice can be heard during tours of Poznań’s forts, during historical events or official ceremonies throughout Poland. Recently, he has also been associated with the museum community.

Kotecki

Piotr Kotecki (born in 1992)

Graduate of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan (specialization: military history)

She successfully combines historical interests with a passion for animals, especially horses. As a historical educator, she conducts classes for children, using the knowledge gained during his studies in the field of physiotherapy. She also uses this knowledge to analyze the influence of the conditions of the human organism on the manner of conducting military operations. As a historical reenactor, for over five years she has been exploring the sphere of military women’s formations in the 20th century worldwide. Studies on the history of the Polish Volunteer Women’s Legion or the Polish Army Women Military Corps resulted in the creation of several educational and reenactment projects that successfully recall the achievements of Polish female soldiers in the fight for an independence of their country.

Monika Markiewicz (born in 1987)

 Physiotherapist, historical educator

Graduate of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań with the military history specialization. From 2009, a professional soldier of the Polish Army. Popularizer of military history among soldiers, army employees as well as children and youth. Music lover and traveler. Participant and co-organizer of several dozen events promoting history and scientific conferences. For fifteen years an active member of the community of Polish historical reenactors. Moreover, he participated in many trainings and courses in the field of battlefield medicine. Historical interests include the army and military of the early Piast state and the military history of the 20th century.

Adam Nowak

Adam Nowak (born in 1987)

Graduate of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań with the military history specialization

Professional history educator, one of the precursors of historical reenactment and experimental archeology in Poland, journalist and regionalist. His research interests focus primarily on social and economic history, military and broadly understood material culture of the Middle Ages. Moreover, it specializes in old crafts, mainly hunting and fishing. Initiator of many educational projects presenting the past of Poland and Europe, creator or co-creator of exhibitions, including the medieval part of the permanent exhibition at the Museum of Polish Arms in Kołobrzeg.

Michał Ostrowski (born in 1978)

Professional history educator, journalist and regionalist

Professional history promoter, regionalist and photojournalist. His research interests focus on the military history of Poland and Europe, the history of Pomerania, in particular Central and Western Poland, and historical recreation. For years, he has been involved in the preparation and implementation of dozens of events promoting the past from the Middle Ages to the end of the 20th century. Co-author of the photographic and historical project “Photograms”. A guide at the Cold War Museum, Object 3001 in Podborsk, founding member of the Historical Association “Torch”.

Semołonik

Rafał Semołonik (born in 1974 )

Professional history promoter, regionalist and photojournalist

A graduate of geography at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. Polish Scout instructor – this is where her adventure with history began, which with time turned into a passion for her life. Organizer and co-organizer of rallies and camps on historical and natural issues for various age groups. For five years associated with the Polish historical reenactment movement. Her scientific and research interests mainly concern the role of women in armed conflicts. She also collects everyday-use, personal and military items from the period of both world wars.

Paulina Sobkowicz

Paulina Sobkowicz (born in 1992)

A graduate of geography at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań

NCK - dofinansowanie Kultura w sieci
Bitwy polskiego oręża - baner

Go to the next battle

 Battle of Warsaw, Viennese relief, Battle of Chocim, Battle of Kłuszyn, Battle of Kutyszcz, Battle of Pskov, Battle of Kircholm, Battle of Beresteczek, Battle of Legnica, Battle of Koronowo and many, many more – soon.

Battle of GrunwaldBattle of Narvik
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